Umshayeli we-Amazon Flex u-Arielle McCain, oneminyaka engu-24, uletha iphakheji ngoDisemba 18, 2018, eCambridge, eMassachusetts. Abakhankasi bezemvelo kanye nochwepheshe bemfucuza bathi izikhwama zepulasitiki ezintsha ze-Amazon, ezingenakuphinda zisetshenziswe emigqonyeni yokuphinda zisetshenziswe eceleni komgwaqo, zinomthelela omubi. (Pat Greenhouse/The Boston Globe)
Ngonyaka odlule, i-Amazon inciphise ingxenye yezimpahla ezipakishwe emabhokisini ekhadibhodi yakhetha iposi lepulasitiki elilula, okuvumele le nkampani enkulu yokuthengisa ukuthi ifake amaphakheji amaningi emalorini nasezindizeni zokulethwa kwezimpahla.
Kodwa abakhankaseli bezemvelo kanye nochwepheshe bemfucuza bathi izinhlobo ezintsha zezikhwama zepulasitiki ezingenakuphinde zisetshenziswe emigqonyeni yokuvuselela eceleni komgwaqo zinomthelela omubi.
“Ukupakishwa kwe-Amazon kunezinkinga ezifanayo nezikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingenakulungiswa ohlelweni lwethu lokusebenzisa kabusha bese zibhajwa emishinini,” kusho uLisa Se, umphathi wohlelo eKing County Solid Waste Division, eqondisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha eKing County, eWashington, uLisa Sepanski uthe.., lapho i-Amazon inendlunkulu khona. “Kudinga umsebenzi omkhulu ukuzinqamula. Kufanele bamise umshini.”
Isikhathi samaholide sakamuva sibe matasa kakhulu kwezentengiselwano ze-e, okusho ukuthunyelwa okuningi - okuholele ekuchithekeni okuningi kokupakisha. Njengesikhulumi esingemuva kwengxenye yazo zonke izinkokhelo ze-e-commerce ngo-2018, i-Amazon ingumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wezimpahla ezithuthwayo kanye nomkhiqizi, futhi ingumsunguli wemfashini, ngokusho kwe-eMarketer, okusho ukuthi ukuthuthela kwayo eposini lepulasitiki kungabonisa ushintsho embonini iyonke. Abanye abathengisi abasebenzisa iposini lepulasitiki elifanayo bafaka iTarget, eyenqabile ukuphawula.
Inkinga ngeposi lepulasitiki ikabili: kudingeka lisetshenziswe kabusha ngalinye, futhi uma ligcina lisekuhambeni okuvamile, lingaphazamisa uhlelo lokusebenzisa kabusha futhi livimbele izinqwaba ezinkulu zezinto ukuthi ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Abameli bezemvelo bathi i-Amazon, inkampani enkulu embonini, idinga ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono wokukhuthaza abathengi ukuthi basebenzise kabusha iposi lepulasitiki, ngokunikeza imfundo eyengeziwe kanye nezindawo ezihlukile zokwenza kanjalo.
“Besisebenza kanzima ukuthuthukisa izinketho zethu zokupakisha nokusebenzisa kabusha futhi sinciphise imfucuza yokupakisha yomhlaba wonke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-20 ngo-2018,” kusho okhulumela i-Amazon uMelanie Janin, enezela ngokuthi i-Amazon inikeza ulwazi lokusebenzisa kabusha kwiwebhusayithi yayo. (Isikhulu esiphezulu se-Amazon uJeff Bezos ungumnikazi we-Washington Post.)
Abanye ochwepheshe bemfucuza bathi umgomo we-Amazon wokunciphisa amakhadibhodi amakhulu yisinyathelo esifanele. Iposi lepulasitiki linezinzuzo ezithile zemvelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhokisi, athatha isikhala esincane ezitsheni nasemalolini, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthunyelwa. Ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa kwefilimu yepulasitiki kukhipha amagesi okushisa aphansi futhi kudla uwoyela omncane kunekhadibhodi elisetshenziswe kabusha, kusho uDavid Allawi, umhlaziyi wenqubomgomo omkhulu wohlelo lokuphathwa kwezinto e-Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.
Ipulasitiki ishibhile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kangangokuthi izinkampani eziningi ziyisebenzisela ukupakisha. Kodwa abathengi bavame ukufaka izikhwama zepulasitiki emgqonyeni wokuphinda usebenzise. Ochwepheshe bathi iposi lepulasitiki ligwema ukunaka kwemishini yokuhlunga bese lingena emabheleni ephepha afakwa amabheleni ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe, okungcolisa lonke iphakethe, kudlula umthelela omuhle wokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwamakhadibhodi amaningi. Amaphakethe ephepha asetshenziswa ukuthola amanani aphezulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe futhi abe nenzuzo isikhathi eside embonini yokuphinda usebenzise. Kodwa amabhele kunzima ukuwathengisa—amaningi athunyelwa ukuze aphinde asetshenziswe ngenxa yemithetho eqinile eShayina—kangangokuthi izinkampani eziningi zokuphinda usebenzise ezisogwini olusentshonalanga kufanele ziwalahle. (Ukupakisha kungomunye nje umthombo wokungcola kwepulasitiki okuvela ezikhwameni zephepha ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe.)
“Njengoba ukupakisha kuba nzima futhi kulula, kufanele sicubungule izinto eziningi ngesivinini esincane ukuze sikhiqize isivuno esifanayo. Ingabe inzuzo yanele? Impendulo namuhla ingucha,” kusho uPete Keller, iphini likamongameli wezokuvuselela kabusha eRepublic Services. , inkampani ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezithutha imfucuza e-United States. “Ukubhekana nakho nsuku zonke kudinga abasebenzi kanye nokugcinwa, futhi empeleni kubiza kakhulu.”
Eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, i-Amazon inciphise ukupakisha okungadingekile, ukupakisha imikhiqizo emabhokisini ayo okuqala noma nini lapho kungenzeka, noma ekupakisheni okulula kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. UJanin wase-Amazon uthe inkampani ishintshele kuma-mailer epulasitiki alula ngonyaka odlule njengengxenye yomzamo omkhulu wokunciphisa imfucuza yokupakisha kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. UJanin ubhala ukuthi i-Amazon "njengamanje yandisa amandla e-buffer mail engasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuphelele engasetshenziswa kabusha emfuleni wokuvuselela amaphepha."
Enye yezinkampani ezimbalwa ze-Fortune 500 ezingafaki umbiko wesibopho senkampani noma wokuzinza, inkampani eseSeattle ithi uhlelo lwayo lokupakisha "olungenakho ukukhungatheka" lunciphise imfucuza yokupakisha ngamaphesenti ayi-16 futhi lwaqeda isidingo sesidingo samabhokisi okuthumela angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-305.2017.
“Ngombono wami, ukushintshela kwabo ekupakisheni okuguquguqukayo kubangelwa yizindleko nokusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi nomphumela wekhabhoni ephansi,” kusho uNina Goodrich, umqondisi we-Sustainable Packaging Alliance. Uqondisa ilogo ye-How2Recycle, eyaqala ukuvela eposini lepulasitiki elinomshini we-Amazon ngoDisemba 2017, njengesinyathelo esiya emfundweni yabathengi.
Enye inkinga ngeposi elisha eligcwele ipulasitiki ukuthi i-Amazon kanye nabanye abathengisi bafaka amalebula ekheli lephepha, okwenza angafaneleki ukuphinde asetshenziswe, ngisho nasezindaweni zokulahla izimpahla ezitolo. Amalebula kudingeka asuswe ukuze kuhlukaniswe iphepha nepulasitiki ukuze izinto ziphinde zisetshenziswe.
“Izinkampani zingathatha izinto ezinhle bese zenza zingaphinde zisetshenziswe ngokusekelwe kumalebula, izinamathiselo noma uyinki,” kusho uGoodrich.
Njengamanje, lawa ma-imeyili e-Amazon agcwele ipulasitiki angaphinde asetshenziswe uma abathengi sebesuse ilebula bese beyisa iposi endaweni yokulahla ngaphandle kweminye imikhakha. Ngemva kokuhlanza, ukomisa kanye nokwenza i-polymer, ipulasitiki ingancibilikiswa futhi yenziwe ukhuni oluhlanganisiwe lokufaka amadekhi. Amadolobha avimbela izikhwama zepulasitiki, njengedolobha lase-Amazon iSeattle, anezindawo ezimbalwa zokulahla.
Ngokusho kombiko we-Closed-Loop Report on Recycling e-US ka-2017, amaphesenti angu-4 kuphela efilimu yepulasitiki eqoqwe emakhaya ase-US aphinde asetshenziswe ngezinhlelo zokuqoqa ezitolo zokudla nasezitolo ezinkulu. Amanye ama-96% aphenduka udoti, noma ngabe uphonswa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha eceleni komgwaqo, ugcina usendaweni yokulahla udoti.
Amanye amazwe adinga izinkampani ukuthi zithathe umthwalo omkhulu wezezimali nokuphatha ngemikhiqizo yazo ngemva kokuba abathengi beyisebenzisa. Kulezi zinhlelo, izinkampani zikhokhelwa ngokusekelwe enanini lemfucuza yemikhiqizo yazo kanye nembangela yokupakishwa.
Ukuze ihambisane nezibopho zayo zomthetho, i-Amazon ikhokha lezi zimali kwamanye amazwe angaphandle kwe-United States. I-Amazon isivele ingaphansi kwezinhlelo ezinjalo eCanada, ngokusho kwenhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-Canadian Managed Services Alliance, esekela izinhlelo ezifundazweni.
Emisebenzini eminingi yemithetho yokuvuselela kabusha yase-US, izidingo ezinjalo azikatholakali zithandwa uhulumeni wobumbano, ngaphandle kwezinto ezithile, ezinobuthi neziyigugu ezifana ne-elekthronikhi namabhethri.
Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi amalokha angokoqobo i-Amazon ewagcinela abathengi ukuthi babuyisele imikhiqizo angamukela ukupakishwa okusetshenzisiwe, benezela ngokuthi i-Amazon ingazibophezela ekuphindeni isebenzise ipulasitiki ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo eposini layo lokuthumela.
“Bangakwazi ukusabalalisa okuphambene, babuyisele izinto ohlelweni lwabo lokusabalalisa. Lawa maphuzu okuqoqa aseba abaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube lula kubathengi,” kusho uScott Cassell, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Institute for Product Management, esenze lolu cwaningo. Kanjalo nenkampani egxile ekunciphiseni umthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo yabathengi.” Kodwa kuzobabiza imali.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-29-2022