Kuthiwani ngesikhwama sephepha se-kraft ngekhulu le-19?

Kuthiwani ngesikhwama sephepha se-kraft ngekhulu le-19?

Emuva ekhulwini le-19, ngaphambi kokufika kwezitolo ezinkulu, kwakuyinto evamile ukuba abantu bathengele zonke izimpahla zabo zansuku zonke esitolo segrosa eduze nalapho besebenza noma behlala khona.Kubuhlungu ukudayisela abathengi izimpahla zansuku zonke izingcezu ngemva kokuba zithunyelwe ngobuningi ezitolo zegilosa ngemiphongolo, izikhwama zendwangu noma amabhokisi okhuni.Abantu babekwazi ukuyothenga kuphela obhasikidi noma izikhwama zelineni zokuzenzela.Ngaleso sikhathi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zephepha zaziseyi-jute fiber kanye nekhanda lelineni elidala, elalisezingeni eliphansi futhi liyivelakancane, futhi lingakwazi ngisho nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunyathelisa amaphephandaba.Cishe ngo-1844, uFriedrich Kohler waseJalimane wasungula indlela yokwenza iphepha le-wood pulp, eyakhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yephepha futhi ngokungaqondile yazala ezohwebo zokuqala.isikhwama sephepha se-kraftemlandweni.

Ngo-1852, uFrancis Waller, isazi sezitshalo saseMelika, wasungula eyokuqalaisikhwama sephepha se-kraftumshini wokwenza, owabe usuthuthukela eFrance, eBrithani nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.Kamuva, ukuzalwa kwe-plywoodizikhwama zephepha ze-kraftkanye nenqubekelaphambili yeisikhwama sephepha se-kraftubuchwepheshe bokuthunga benza izikhwama zikakotini ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngobuningi nazo zathathelwa indawoizikhwama zephepha ze-kraft.

Uma kukhulunywa ngeyokuqalabrown kraft paper bagngokuthenga, yazalwa ngo-1908 eSt. Paul, eMinnesota.U-Walter Duverna, umnikazi wesitolo segrosa sendawo, waqala ukufuna izindlela zokwenza amakhasimende athenge izinto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze athuthukise ukuthengisa.U-Duverna wayecabanga ukuthi kuzoba isikhwama esenziwe ngaphambili esishibhile futhi esisebenziseka kalula futhi esingaphatha okungenani amaphawundi angama-75.Ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, uzoba yikhwalithi yezinto zalesi sikhiya sesikhwamaiphepha le-kraft elinsundu, ngoba ISEBENZISA i-conifer wood fibre pulp ende, ekuphekeni nge-chemistry ngaphezulu kwe-caustic soda kanye ne-alcali sulphide chemicals processing processing, yenza amandla omonakalo wokuqala we-wood fiber mancane, ngaleyo ndlela ekugcineni enziwe ngephepha, uxhumano oluseduze phakathi kwe-fiber. , iphepha liqinile, lingakwazi ukumelana nokushuba okukhulu nokucindezela ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.Eminyakeni emine kamuva, eyokuqalabrown kraft paper bagyenzelwe ukuthenga.Inonxande ngezansi futhi inevolumu enkulu kunohlobo olujwayelekile luka-Visikhwama sephepha se-kraft.Intambo igijima ngaphansi nasemaceleni esikhwama ukuze yenyuse umthamo waso wokuthwala umthwalo, kanye nokudonsa okubili okulula ukubamba ukudonsa phezulu kwesikhwama.U-Duverna waqamba isikhwama sokuthenga ngegama lakhe futhi wasinika ilungelo lobunikazi ngo-1915. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphezu kwesigidi salezi zikhwama zase zithengiswa minyaka yonke.

Ukubukeka okunsunduizikhwama zephepha ze-kraftishintshile ukucabanga kwendabuko ukuthi inani lokuthenga linganqunyelwa kuphela inani lezinto ezingaphathwa ngezandla zombili, futhi futhi lenze abathengi bangabe besakhathazeka ngokungathwali, okunciphisa injabulo yokuthenga ngokwayo.Kungase kube ihaba ukusho ukuthibrown kraft paper bagukuthengisa okuthuthukisiwe kukonke, kodwa okungenani kwembule emabhizinisini ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi zingaki izinto abathengi abazozithenga kuze kube yilapho ulwazi lokuthenga selunethezeka, lukhululekile futhi lula ngangokunokwenzeka.Yilo kanye leli phuzu elidala ukuthi abafika kamuva banamathisele ukubaluleka kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuthenga kwabathengi, futhi liphinde likhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobhasikidi wesitolo esikhulu kanye nenqola yokuthenga kamuva.

Engxenyeni elandelayo yekhulu leminyaka, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-browniphepha le-kraft izikhwama zokuthengakungathiwa bushelelezi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto kwenza umthamo wayo wokuthwala uthuthukiswe ngokuqhubekayo, ukubukeka sekuye kwaba kuhle kakhulu, abakhiqizi banyathelisa zonke izinhlobo zezimpawu zokuthengisa, amaphethini ezikhwameni zephepha ze-kraft ezinsundu, ezitolo nasezitolo emigwaqweni. .Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuvela kwezikhwama zepulasitiki zokuthenga kwaba enye inguquko enkulu emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwezikhwama zokuthenga.Izacile, inamandla futhi ishibhile ukwenza izinzuzo ezifana nesikhwama sephepha se-kraft esinsundu esake saduma esisitheka.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izikhwama zepulasitiki ziye zaba yisinqumo sokuqala sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, kanti izikhwama zenkomo ziye kancane kancane "zihlehlela emgqeni wesibili".

Ekugcineni, kwafiphalabrown kraft paper bagingasetshenziswa kuphela egameni elithi “nostalgia”, “imvelo” kanye “nokuvikelwa kwemvelo” enanini elincane lemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, izingubo zokugqoka nezincwadi, ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yomsindo nevidiyo.

Kodwa inkambiso yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nepulasitiki ibuyisela ukunaka kwezazi zemvelo kokudalabrown kraft paper bag.Kusukela ngo-2006, i-McDonald's China ithule kancane kancane i-insulatedbrown kraft paper bagngokudla okuthengwa kuzo zonke izindawo zayo, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izikhwama zokudla zepulasitiki.Lesi senzo sinanelwe nangabanye abadayisi abanjengoNike no-Adidas, abebedla kakhulu izikhwama zepulasitiki, bashintsha izikhwama zepulasitiki bafake amaphepha ansundu asezingeni eliphezulu.