Nakulokhu, ipulasitiki ibonakale itholakala yonke indawo olwandle.Etshuza ezansi ku-Mariana Trench, okusolakala ukuthi ifinyelele ku-35,849 feet, usomabhizinisi waseDallas u-Victor Vescovo wathi uthole isikhwama sepulasitiki.Akukhona ngisho okokuqala: lesi yisikhathi sesithathu lapho ipulasitiki itholakala ekujuleni kolwandle.
UVescovo watshuza endaweni yokugeza ngo-April 28 njengengxenye yohambo lwakhe “Lokujula Okuhlanu,” oluhlanganisa nohambo lokuya ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle zomhlaba.Phakathi namahora amane kaVescovo ezansi ne-Mariana Trench, wabona izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane zasolwandle, enye yazo okungenzeka kube uhlobo olusha - isikhwama sepulasitiki kanye nama-candy wrappers.
Bambalwa abaye bafinyelela ekujuleni okukhulu kangaka.Unjiniyela waseSwitzerland u-Jacques Piccard kanye noLieutenant Wamasosha Asolwandle wase-US u-Don Walsh babengabokuqala ngo-1960. Umhloli we-National Geographic kanye nomenzi wefilimu u-James Cameron wacwila phansi olwandle ngo-2012. U-Cameron waqopha ukutshuza kwaze kwaba ngamafidi angu-35,787, okufushane nje kumafidi angu-62. ukuthi iVescovo yathi ifinyelele.
Ngokungafani nabantu, ipulasitiki iwela kalula.Ngasekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, ucwaningo lwenze isampula yama-amphipods emiseleni eyisithupha ejulile yolwandle, okuhlanganisa ne-Mariana, futhi yathola ukuthi wonke ayedle ama-microplastics.
Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-Okthoba 2018 lwabhala upulasitiki owaziwa kakhulu - isikhwama sokuthenga esintekenteke - sathola amamitha angama-36,000 ukujula ku-Mariana Trench.Ososayensi bayithole ngokuhlola i-Deep Sea Debris Database, equkethe izithombe namavidiyo we-dive engu-5,010 eminyakeni engu-30 edlule.
Kumfucumfucu ohlungiwe oqoshwe kusizindalwazi, ipulasitiki iyona evame kakhulu, izikhwama zepulasitiki ikakhulukazi eziwumthombo omkhulu wemfucuza yepulasitiki.Enye imfucumfucu yayivela ezintweni ezifana nerabha, insimbi, ukhuni nendwangu.
Kufika ku-89% wamapulasitiki ocwaningo ayesetshenziswa kanye, lawo asetshenziswa kanye bese elahlwa, njengamabhodlela amanzi epulasitiki noma izitsha zetafula ezilahlwayo.
I-Mariana Trench ayiwona umgodi omnyama ongaphili, inezakhamuzi eziningi.I-NOAA Okeanos Explorer yahlola ukujula kwesifunda ngo-2016 futhi yathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zamakhorali, i-jellyfish nama-octopus.Ucwaningo lwango-2018 luphinde lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-17 ezithombe zepulasitiki eziqoshwe kudathabheyisi akhombisa uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzelana nezilwane zasolwandle, njengezilwane eziphithana kudoti.
Ipulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye kuphela itholakala yonke indawo futhi kungathatha amakhulu eminyaka noma ngaphezulu ukubola endle.Ngokocwaningo lwangoFebhuwari 2017, amazinga okungcola e-Mariana Trench aphezulu kwezinye izindawo kuneminye yemifula yase-China engcoliswe kakhulu.Ababhali bocwaningo basikisela ukuthi ukungcola kwamakhemikhali emiseleni kungase kuvele ingxenye yepulasitiki ekholamu yamanzi.
Ama-Tubeworms (obomvu), i-eel kanye ne-jockey crab zithola indawo eduze nendawo yokukhipha umoya oshisayo.(Funda ngezilwane eziyinqaba zama-hydrothermal vents ajulile ePacific.)
Nakuba ipulasitiki ingangena olwandle ngokuqondile, njengemfucumfucu epheshulwe emabhishi noma ilahlwe ezikebheni, ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2017 lwathola ukuthi iningi layo lingena olwandle lisuka emifuleni engu-10 egeleza ezindaweni ezihlala abantu.
Izimpahla zokudoba ezilahliwe futhi ziwumthombo omkhulu wokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ngocwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngoMashi 2018 olubonisa ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zakha ingxenye enkulu ye-Great Pacific Garbage Patch entantayo phakathi kweHawaii neCalifornia.
Nakuba kusobala ukuthi kunepulasitiki eningi kakhulu olwandle kunasesikhwameni esisodwa sepulasitiki, into manje isiguqukile isuka kwisingathekiso esingenandaba somoya yaba isibonelo sokuthi abantu banomthelela ongakanani emhlabeni.
© 2015-2022 National Geographic Partners, LLC.Wonke Amalungelo Agodliwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-30-2022