I-HABER SPRINGS, eMich. — Konke kwaqala ngo-1990, lapho isifunda esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga ekude yeLower Peninsula sasinezindawo ezimbili zokulahla izinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezixhaswe ngentela encane yeminyaka emibili.
Namuhla, uhlelo lokuvuselela kabusha lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu lweSifundazwe sase-Emmett selukhule lwaba yindlela yokuthola imali eyizigidi eziningi kubantu abangaphezu kuka-33,000 emphakathini, oluthengisa izinkulungwane zamathani ezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezinkampanini zaseMichigan kanye nesifunda saseGreat Lakes ukuze benze imikhiqizo emisha. Bathole nendlela yokuvuselela kabusha izikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki.
Ochwepheshe bathi uhlelo lweNyakatho oluneminyaka engu-30 lungaba yisibonelo semithethosivivinywa eyisishiyagalombili isishayamthetho sesifundazwe esilindele engasiza iMichigan County ukwakha izindlela zokuvuselela kabusha, ukunciphisa izindawo zokulahla udoti futhi yenze inzuzo ngendlela ekhulayo. Thuthukisa ezomnotho zezinto eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa kabusha nezingasetshenziswa njengomquba.
“Bakhombisile ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali komphakathi kulolu hlobo lwengqalasizinda kuyazuzisa — enkonzweni yomphakathi ewusizo, futhi amaphesenti angama-90 ezinto abaziqoqayo ngohlelo lwabo lokuvuselela empeleni zithengiswa ezinkampanini zaseMichigan,” kusho uKerrin O'Brien, umqondisi omkhulu wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo iMichigan Recycling Alliance.
Esikhungweni saseHarbour Springs, ingalo yerobhothi idlula ngokushesha ebhandeni lokuhambisa elihambayo, isusa amapulasitiki ekhwalithi ephezulu, ingilazi kanye ne-aluminium ibe yizitsha zokuhlunga. Umfudlana oxubile wezitsha ugeleza ngezindilinga kuze kube yilapho irobhothi likhipha konke okungasetshenziswa kabusha ngama-pick angu-90 ngomzuzu; omunye umugqa wezinto kwelinye igumbi yilapho abasebenzi bethatha khona iphepha ngesandla, amabhokisi ebhandeni lokuhambisa elihambayo kanye nesikhwama.
Lolu hlelo luwumphumela weminyaka yokutshalwa kwezimali ohlelweni olukhonza indawo enezifunda eziningi, izikhulu ezithi lwakhe isiko lendawo lokuvuselela kabusha okusebenzayo emakhaya, emabhizinisini nasezindaweni zomphakathi.
Izinga lokusetshenziswa kabusha kwegesi esifundazweni saseMichigan liphansi kakhulu kuneningi lezwe ngamaphesenti angu-19, futhi ukubamba iqhaza okwandisiwe kuzogcina kunciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ekhabhoni futhi kusondele emigomweni emisha yesimo sezulu yesifundazwe. Isayensi ikhombisa ukuthi amagesi okushisa anjenge-carbon dioxide ne-methane abamba ukushisa emoyeni futhi anegalelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
EMichigan, imithetho mayelana nokuthi yini engaphinde isetshenziswe iyinhlanganisela yokuthi imiphakathi noma amabhizinisi azimele asungula izinhlelo nokuthi yiziphi izinto abakhetha ukuzamukela. Ezinye izindawo zisebenzisa amapulasitiki athile kuphela, ezinye zisebenzisa amakhadibhodi ansundu kuphela, kanti eminye imiphakathi ayinikezi nhlobo ukuphinda isetshenziswe.
Umehluko phakathi kwemizamo yokuvuselela kabusha e-Emmett County nakwezinye izindawo eMichigan ubude besikhathi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda yokuvuselela kabusha kanye nobudlelwano besikhathi eside namabhizinisi asebenzisa kabusha izinto. Upende we-latex, omatilasi asetshenzisiwe kanye nama-light bulbs asethole ukusetshenziswa okusha, kusho izikhulu.
“Abantu ababephethe i-Emmett County ngaleso sikhathi babebheke phambili ekuzameni ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kabusha,” kusho u-Andy Torzdorf, umqondisi wohlelo. “Bafaka ukuvuselelwa kabusha ohlelweni lwabo lokuphathwa kwemfucuza eqinile, ngakho-ke kusukela ekuqaleni, i-Emmett County yayicabanga ngokuvuselelwa kabusha.”
Isikhungo saseHarbour Springs siyisiteshi sokudlulisa imfucuza, lapho imfucuza ithunyelwa khona endaweni yokulahla imfucuza evunyelwene ngayo, kanye nesikhungo sokuvuselela kabusha esinemifudlana emibili. Umthetho wesifunda udinga ukuthi yonke imfucuza yasekhaya idlule kulesi sikhungo nokuthi bonke abathuthi bemfucuza bakhokhe imali efanayo yokulahla imfucuza.
“Izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa kabusha mahhala. Udoti awusebenzi, ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo ukuthi kukhona isisusa sokusebenzisa kabusha. Ngakho lokho ngokwako kunikeza izakhamuzi isizathu sokusebenzisa kabusha – ukuthenga ukusebenzisa kabusha,” kusho uTorzdorf.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ngo-2020, lesi sikhungo sacubungula amathani angu-13,378 ezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ezapakishwa futhi zalayishwa emalolini amancane, zabe sezithunyelwa futhi zathengiswa emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene ukuze zisebenzise lezo zinto. Lezi zinto zaqhubeka zaba amathini okugeza izingubo, amathileyi ezitshalo, amabhodlela amanzi, amabhokisi okusanhlamvu, ngisho nephepha langasese, phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo emisha.
Izinkampani eziningi ezithenga izinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa e-Emmet County zitholakala eMichigan noma kwezinye izingxenye zesifunda saseGreat Lakes.
I-Aluminium iya esikhungweni sezinsizakalo ze-scrap sikaGaylord; ipulasitiki No. 1 no-2 ithunyelwa enkampanini eseDundee ukwenza ama-pellet epulasitiki, kamuva aguqulwa abe amabhodlela okugeza namanzi; amakhadibhodi kanye nebhodi lezitsha kuthunyelwa enkampanini ese-Upper Peninsula Kraft mills kanye nomkhiqizi wokupakisha ukudla eKalamazoo, phakathi kokunye; amabhokisi nezinkomishi ezithunyelwa kumenzi wezicubu eCheboygan; uwoyela wemoto ohluzwa kabusha eSaginaw; ingilazi ethunyelwa enkampanini eseChicago ukwenza amabhodlela, ukufudumala kanye nezinto zokukhuhla; izinto zikagesi ezithunyelwa ezikhungweni zokudiliza eWisconsin; kanye nezindawo ezengeziwe zezinye izinto.
Abahleli bamaphrojekthi baze bakwazi ukuthola indawo eVirginia lapho babengathenga khona iloli egcwele izikhwama zepulasitiki namaphakethe efilimu—izinto ezidume ngobunzima ukuziphatha ngoba zingabanjiswa yizinto zokuhlunga. Izikhwama zepulasitiki zenziwa zibe ukhuni oluhlanganisiwe lokuhlobisa.
Bayaqinisekisa ukuthi konke okwamukelwa yi-Emmet County Recycling “kuyasetshenziswa futhi kungasetshenziswa futhi,” kusho uTolzdorf. Abamukeli noma yini engenayo imakethe eqinile, okusho ukuthi ayikho i-Styrofoam.
“Izinto eziphinde zisetshenziswe zonke zisekelwe emakethe yezimpahla, ngakho-ke eminye iminyaka iba phezulu kanti eminye iminyaka iba phansi. Ngo-2020 senze cishe u-$500,000 ngokuthengisa izinto eziphinde zisetshenziswe kanti ngo-2021 senze imali engaphezu kuka-$100 million,” kusho uTolzdorf.
"Kubonisa ukuthi imakethe izohluka nakanjani. Zehle kakhulu ngo-2020; zabuyela emuva ezingeni eliphezulu leminyaka emihlanu ngo-2021. Ngakho-ke asikwazi ukusekela zonke izimali zethu ekuthengisweni kwezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, Kodwa uma zilungile, zilungile futhi ziyasithwala, futhi uma ngezinye izikhathi zingalungile, isiteshi sezokuthutha kuzodingeka sisithwale futhi sithwale izimali zethu."
Isiteshi sokudlulisela imfucuza salesi sifunda sasiphatha cishe amayadi angu-125,000 emfucuza yasekhaya ngo-2020, okwenza imali engenayo ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-$2.8.
Ukwengezwa kwemishini yokuhlunga amarobhothi ngo-2020 kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi ngamaphesenti angama-60 futhi kwandise ukubanjwa kwezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ngamaphesenti ayi-11, kusho uTolzdorf. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni amazinga okushisa amaningana alolu hlelo aqashwe njengemisebenzi yesikhathi esigcwele enezinzuzo zesifunda.
Iminyaka eminingi yemizamo yamaqembu amabili kahulumeni wangaphambilini nowamanje yokubuyekeza imithetho kadoti waseMichigan ifinyelele emaphaketheni omthetho ahlose ukuthuthukisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, ukwenza umquba kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto. Imithetho yadlula eNdlu Yesifundazwe entwasahlobo ka-2021 kodwa kusukela lapho yamiswa eSenate ngaphandle kwezingxoxo noma izingxoxo zekomidi.
Imibiko eminingi ekhishwe yisifundazwe ihlola lolu daba futhi ilinganisela ukuthi abantu baseMichigan bakhokhela imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1 zamaRandi ngonyaka ukuze baphathe imfucuza yabo. Kulokhu kungcola kwasekhaya, izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezibiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-600 zigcina zisezindaweni zokulahla udoti minyaka yonke.
Ingxenye yomthetho osalindile izodinga izifunda ukuthi zibuyekeze izinhlelo zazo zokulahla imfucuza eqinile ezikhona zibe izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwezinto zanamuhla, zibeke izilinganiso zokusebenzisa kabusha, futhi zikhuthaze ukubambisana kwesifunda ukuze kusungulwe izikhungo zokusebenzisa kabusha kanye nokwenza umquba endaweni. Uhulumeni uzohlinzeka ngezimali zesibonelelo sale mizamo yokuhlela.
Izifunda zaseMarquette nase-Emmett ziyizibonelo ezinhle zemizamo yesifunda yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, kusho uLiz Browne, umqondisi we-Materials Management Division eMnyangweni Wezemvelo waseMichigan, eGreat Lakes and Energy. Eminye imiphakathi eMichigan ingathuthukisa izinhlelo eziqinile zokuvuselela kabusha kanye nokwenza umquba ezizuzisa umnotho kanye nemvelo, esho.
“Ukubuyisela okuthile emsebenzini akunamthelela omkhulu kunokuqala ngezinto ezingakakhiwa. Ukube besiphumelele ekukhiqizeni izinto eMichigan futhi sinemakethe eMichigan, besizowunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wethu ekuthunyelweni,” kusho uBrown.
Bobabili uBrowne no-O'Brien bathi ezinye izinkampani zaseMichigan azikwazanga ukuthola ukudla okwanele okusetshenzisiwe ngaphakathi kwemigqa yesifundazwe. Kumelwe bathenge lezi zinto kwamanye amazwe noma ngisho naseCanada.
UKarl Hatopp, umphathi we-supply chain kwa-TABB Packaging Solutions eDundee, uthe ukuthwebula izinto ezengeziwe ezingasetshenziswa kabusha emseleni kadoti waseMichigan ngokuqinisekile kuzozuzisa amabhizinisi athembele ekuthengeni izinto ezisetshenziswa ngemuva kokuthengwa ukuze akhiqize. I-Emmett County, ebilokhu ithengisa ipulasitiki enguNombolo 1 noNombolo 2 iminyaka engu-20, isiqalile nokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa kabusha ezikhungweni zokusebenzisa kabusha eMarquette nase-Ann Arbor, kusho yena.
UHartop uthe amapulasitiki angasetshenziswa kabusha ahlukaniswa abe yi-resin yangemva kokusetshenziswa, noma “i-pellet,” ethengiswa kubakhiqizi eWestland nakwamanye e-Ohio nase-Illinois, lapho enziwa khona amathini okuwasha izingubo kanye namabhodlela amanzi e-Absopure.
“Uma singathengisa izinto eziningi (ngaphakathi) eMichigan, singcono kakhulu,” kusho yena. “Uma singathenga okwengeziwe eMichigan, singathenga okuncane ezindaweni ezifana neCalifornia noma iTexas noma iWinnipeg.”
Le nkampani isebenzisana namanye amabhizinisi aseDundee akhulele embonini yokuvuselela kabusha. Enye yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile, lapho uHartop ethi usebenze khona amashumi eminyaka.
“I-Clean Tech yaqala ngabasebenzi abane futhi manje sinabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-150. Ngakho-ke ngempela, indaba yempumelelo,” kusho yena. “Lapho siqhubeka nokusebenzisa kabusha, imisebenzi eminingi siyayidala eMichigan, futhi leyo misebenzi ihlala eMichigan. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphathelene nathi, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kuyinto enhle.”
Enye yezinhloso zoHlelo Lwesimo Sezulu Olunempilo lwe-MI olusanda kuqedwa ukwandisa amazinga okusebenzisa kabusha okungenani amaphesenti angu-45 ngo-2030 nokunciphisa imfucuza yokudla ngesigamu. Lezi zinyathelo zingenye yezindlela uhlelo olubiza ngazo iMichigan ukuthi ifinyelele umnotho ongathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2050.
Inothi kubafundi: Uma uthenga okuthile ngesinye sezixhumanisi zethu ezihambisanayo, singase sithole ikhomishini.
Ukubhalisa noma ukusebenzisa le sayithi kusho ukwamukela Isivumelwano sethu Somsebenzisi, Inqubomgomo Yobumfihlo kanye Nesitatimende Samakhukhi kanye Namalungelo Akho Obumfihlo aseCalifornia (Isivumelwano Somsebenzisi sibuyekezwe ngomhlaka-1/1/21. Inqubomgomo Yobumfihlo kanye Nesitatimende Samakhukhi sibuyekezwe ngomhlaka-5/1/2021).
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-06-2022